What is an item of value deposited with a third party to be delivered upon the fulfillment of a condition called?

An item of value that is deposited with a third party to be delivered upon the fulfillment of a specific condition is known as an escrow. In a real estate context, escrow is a financial arrangement where a third party holds funds or documents until the terms of a purchase agreement or other transaction are met. This process provides security for both the buyer and the seller, ensuring that the buyer's funds are not released until the seller has met the agreed conditions, such as providing a clear title or completing repairs.

In contrast, title refers to the legal right to ownership of property; liability signifies a legal responsibility, often relating to debt; and equity represents the value of an ownership interest in property after subtracting any liabilities. These concepts are related to real estate but do not describe the specific arrangement of holding an item of value until certain conditions are met as effectively as escrow does.